Causing leaf-curl (without evident thickening) of small areas or of the whole blade of leaves of Carpinus caroliniana

Usually the entire leaf is affected and strongly arched upward, giving it a rude, boat-shaped appearance. There are also separate archings between the larger lateral veins which thus throw the surface into a series of strong folds. The upper surface of the leaf is bright red until it begins to die, when it turns brown then black and then falls away.