In-depth articles on gall biology, identification guides, and scientific literature.
What is a Gallformers Code? Many galls are caused by species that haven't been formally described by scientists yet. While we can recognize these galls by their distinctive appearance on specific host...
Preface At the time of writing, of the 3112 galls listed on the Gallformers database, 1117 are undescribed. That ratio has not changed significantly since the early days of the site and isn't likely t...
Thank you to all our Patrons! Oak tier: - Madeleine Doney - Joshua Newbend Cecidomyiid tier: - Timothy Frey - Kathleen Sweetman Cynipid tier: - Andrew Deans - Leslie Flint - Ellen Martinson - Dale Bal...
This key is largely based on original categorizations of iNaturalist observations, with some remarks on the limited prior literature. Even moreso than many gall-inducer taxa, midge galls on native Nor...
A gall is a novel organ grown by a plant when another organism alters the way the plant expresses its genes. Gall-inducers are found in a wide range of taxa. Insects, mites, and fungi are the most com...
The Key 1. Integral 1. On main stem, a slight swelling typically directly adjacent to a node. Contains beetle larva and frass: Ampeloglypter sesostris 2. Swollen buds containing gall midge larvae: Con...
If you would like to contribute to the Gallformers Reference Library it is quite easy. This article will describe the type of articles that we are looking for as well as the steps needed to get your a...
This key is a synthesis of gall descriptions given in the literature. There is reason to believe that these gall descriptions may not map perfectly onto monophyletic aphid taxa; cases where this is kn...
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