euphorbiae. Widespread Europe; immigr. with introd. stock of S. esulae: Canada, USA (North
Dakota). Euphorbia cyparissias (Euphorbiaceae).

Larvae in enlarged terminal buds. The galls may be relatively loose and slender, green en with cleary widened scales. Somewhat later in the year the galls are more compact and globular, pink, and with less strongly widened scales. Larvae yellow, gregarious, active. Multivoltine. Pupation in a cocoon in the gall or in the soil. Hibernation in the soil. Only the adult midges can be distinguished from those of S. esulae.