Biological notes.—Galls of L. lorrainae (Figs. 5–6) are spheroid, 5–8 mm in diameter, depending on the number of larvae inside, and occur in early summer on lateral twiglets and later near branch tips. Galls collected in Iowa were found subtending flower heads, but I never saw this elsewhere. A gall may have 1–11 yellow larvae, each in a separate elongate, ovoid chamber whose individual walls become increasingly hard as the larvae mature.

Galls are light green and fleshy with first instars in late June in West Virginia and Maryland when first observed, but become brown and harden as the season progresses